For implementing token hooks for civiCRM
Welcome to the WhyProhibition Research Archive
Here you will find an ever increasing number of research studies, in full text, maintained by our research editorial board.
We endeavour to only provide the best research available, and unless otherwise noted, only use peer-review research.
The goal of this website is to make the evidence (i.e. peer reviewed journal articles and significant reports) that supports the drug policy reform movement, available to all. Our society as a whole needs to move away from the illusion that drug prohibition is either effective or helpful in any way and our goal is to show you the research evidence to prove this. The research articles available on this site document, with great clarity and repetition, both the failures of drug prohibition and the way forward. You are encouraged to download all these research articles, just articles on specific topics, or single documents.
Assumptions and Consequences of the War on Drugs: An Economic Analysis
Submitted by Nicole Seguin on Fri, 10/02/2009 - 4:29pmPublished: Review of Policy Research Volume 11 Issue 1, Pages 26 - 39, 24 Jun 2005
Author(s): David L. Sollars
Abstract:
Using recent evidence from the state of Florida, the outcomes of the "War on Drugs" are analyzed by critically evaluating the assumptions that underlie the policy. It would appear that many of the assumptions may not be valid, thereby in part explaining the apparent failure of the drug law enforcement strategy to attain the stated objectives. Alternative strategies are briefly considered.
Marijuana Growth in British Columbia
Submitted by Nicole Seguin on Fri, 10/02/2009 - 4:16pmPublished: Public Policy Sources, Number 74, May 2004; downloaded on October 3, 2006.
Author(s):Stephen T. Easton
Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: historical perspectives, current trends, and future directions.
Submitted by Jacob Hunter on Tue, 09/15/2009 - 10:41amAggarwal SK, Carter GT, Sullivan MD, ZumBrunnen C, Morrill R, Mayer JD.
Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Challenging the UN drug control conventions: problems and possibilities
Submitted by Jacob Hunter on Fri, 09/11/2009 - 7:13pmAbstract
Increasing numbers of sovereign states are beginning to review their stance on the prohibition based UN drug control conventions. Recent years have seen nations implement, or seriously discuss, tolerant drug policies that exploit the latitude existing within the legal framework of the global drug control regime. With efforts to implement pragmatic approaches to drug use at the national level, however, comes the growing recognition that the flexibility of the conventions is not unlimited. It seems that the time is not too distant when further movement within states away from the prohibitive paradigm will only be possible through some sort of change in or defection from the regime.
Drugs, Morality and the Law
Submitted by Nicole Seguin on Fri, 09/04/2009 - 4:37pmAuthor(s): Paul Smith
Published: Journal of Applied Philosophy Volume 19 Issue 3, Pages 233 - 244
Abstract:
Arguments for and against the legal prohibition of drugs are surveyed. Various kinds of argument are identified and analysed: arguments against prohibition from a moral right to personal liberty; utilitarian and contractualist arguments for a right to personal liberty; arguments for prohibition from liberty–limiting principles (the harm principle, legal paternalism, legal moralism, Kantian duties to oneself, legal perfectionism, traditional conservatism, and communitarianism); utilitarian argument for prohibition; utilitarian argument against prohibition. It is concluded that none of the arguments for drug prohibition is convincing.
Drug prohibition: a perverted instinct?
Submitted by Nicole Seguin on Fri, 09/04/2009 - 4:22pmAuthor(s): P.Webster
Published: International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 53-62
Abstract:
Although many comparable collective irrationalities and social pathologies were long ago laid to rest through the influence of our modern age of science and reason, drug prohibition persists, and even flourishes in our time as one of the great continuing instances of crowd-madness so characteristic of the pre-scientific age. In the past few years many writers and researchers have attempted to explain prohibition’s great hold on us, but none of the resulting hypotheses or theories seem sufficient to the task. With the view that a more radical and fundamental theory of prohibition’s facilitating collective psychology is needed ideas are presented, more as an exploration of possibilities and encouragement to others to augment their own thinking than a suggestion that the definitive key to the phenomenon has been found.
The social structural production of HIV risk among injecting drug users
Submitted by Nicole Seguin on Fri, 09/04/2009 - 3:55pmAuthor(s): Tim Rhodesa, Merrill Singerb, Philippe Bourgoisc, Samuel R. Friedmand and Steffanie A. Strathdeee
Published: Social Science & Medicine Volume 61, Issue 5, September 2005, Pages 1026-1044
Abstract:
IV Drug Use and AIDS: Public Policy and Dirty Needles
Submitted by Nicole Seguin on Thu, 09/03/2009 - 11:16amAuthor(s): Jeff Stryker
Published: Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 1989 14(4):719-740; DOI:10.1215/03616878-14-4-719
Abstract:
Users of intravenous heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines risk the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through the sharing of contaminated injection equipment. Although most users are aware of this risk, the scarcity of sterile needles and syringes, combined with various social and cultural factors, fosters dangerous sharing practices. This paper examines the legal and political contexts of proposals to ease access to sterile needles and injection equipment. The author seeks an explanation for the continued reluctance to institute such programs in the United States, while similar programs have been instituted in other countries where intravenous drug use has also contributed to the spread of HIV infection and AIDS.
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE The Limited Relevance of Drug Policy: Cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco
Submitted by Nicole Seguin on Thu, 09/03/2009 - 10:57amAuthor(s): Craig Reinarman, PhD, Peter D. A. Cohen, PhD and Hendrien L. Kaal, PhD
Published: May 2004, Vol 94, No. 5 American Journal of Public Health 836-842
Abstract:
Objectives. We tested the premise that punishment for cannabis use deters use and thereby benefits public health.
Methods. We compared representative samples of experienced cannabis users in similar cities with opposing cannabis policies—Amsterdam, the Netherlands (decriminalization), and San Francisco, Calif (criminalization). We compared age at onset, regular and maximum use, frequency and quantity of use over time, intensity and duration of intoxication, career use patterns, and other drug use.
Results. With the exception of higher drug use in San Francisco, we found strong similarities across both cities. We found no evidence to support claims that criminalization reduces use or that decriminalization increases use.
Violent crime: a function of drug use or drug enforcement?
Submitted by Nicole Seguin on Thu, 09/03/2009 - 10:50amAuthor(s): Resignato A. J.
Published: Applied Economics, Volume 32, Number 6, 15 May 2000 , pp. 681-688(8)
Abstract:
An assumption of many national drug control policies is the existence of a causal relationship between illegal drug use and violent crime. However, robust empirical findings supporting this relationship are scarce. Alternatively, there is extensive research, much of it in economics, which suggests that there may actually be a stronger causal relationship between drug enforcement/control/prohibition and violent crime than drug use and criminal violence. The paper presents some of the research pertaining to the relationship between illegal drugs and violent crime. In addition, a violent crime model is empirically tested using data from 24 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the United States to determine the nature and strength of this relationship.
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